l - th / 0 20 20 59 v 1 1 9 Fe b 20 02 ANTI - BARYON PUZZLE IN ULTRA - RELATIVISTIC HEAVY - ION COLLISIONS

The evolution of (non-strange) antibaryon abundances in the hadronic phase of central heavy-ion collisions is studied within a thermal equilibrium framework, based on the well-established picture of subsequent chemical and thermal freezeout. Due to large annihilation cross sections, antiprotons are, a priori, not expected to comply with this scheme. However , we show that a significant regeneration of their abundance occurs upon inclusion of the inverse reaction of multipion fusion, n π π → p¯ p (with n π =5-6), necessary to ensure detailed balance. Especially at SPS energies, the build-up of large pion-chemical potentials between chemical and thermal freezeout reinforces this mechanism, rendering the ¯ p/p ratio in reasonable agreement with the observed one (reflecting chemical freezeout). Explicit solutions of the pertinent rate equation, which account for chemical off-equilibrium effects, corroborate this explanation.